[PoLyInfo HELP] Property

ASTM D1505-18	Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient technique
ASTM D792-20	Standard Test Method for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative density) of Plastics by Displacement
ISO 1183-3:1999	Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 3: Gas pyknometer method
ISO 1675:1985	Plastics -- Liquid resins -- Determination of density by the pyknometer method
JIS K 7112:1999(2018)	Plastics--Method of determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics: ISO 1183-3:1999

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.
Distinction (crystal/amorphous/overall/unknown) between crystal part and non-is preconditions.

[Notes]
The density has the temperature dependency, and it is being provided by JIS, "The density means the case of 23C".
When the density of the crystal calculated from the X-ray diffraction data is described, it is described clearly that it is a calculation value in the remarks column.

[Related terms]

Apparent density
Apparent density: The value which excludes the mass due to the cubic measure of the sample of the material which includes both parties of the air gap of permeability and the impassability disposition which exist normally in the material. (ISO and JIS)

Bulk density
Apparent density such as powder, pellet and vulcanization.

Specific gravity
Ratio of mass of fixed cubic measure of the substance for the water of the same body product which even absolute relative importance you call, in the same temperature.

Lorentz-Lorenz equation (Density-Refractive Index relation)

: Specific refactivity, : Density, : Refractive index

Refractive index

[Property item]

Refractive index:: It is shown in ratio n (= c/v) of the sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of angle of refraction, which equals to the ratio of speed (c) of light in the vacuum (practically in the air) to speed (v) of light in a transparent sample.

[Unit]: None

[Measuring method]
Abbe refractometer (Critical angle refraction method)

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D1747-09(2019)	Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
ISO 489:1999	Plastics -- Determination of refractive index
JIS K 7142:2014(2019)	Determination of the refractive index of plastics: ISO 489 (1983)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the wavelength of light are preconditions.

[Notes]
It is necessary to describe clearly the wavelength of light (for instance, a spectrum of sodium D line) and the temperature, because index of refraction of a substance (n) has dependencies on them. It is noted as follows.

JIS is providing that it reports on the 3 column below the decimal point as a value of the refractive index.
(Reference) Wavelength of the spectral lines utilized

Wavelength (Å)	Source	Designation
6562.79	Hydrogen (alpha line)	C
5892.62	Sodium (weighted mean of two lines) .	D
5460.74	Mercury	e
4861.33	Hydrogen (beta line)	F
4358.34	Mercury	G

[Related terms]
Dispersive poser (DP)

: refractive index at λ = 486.1 nm

: refractive index at λ = 589.3 nm

: refractive index at λ = 656.3 nm

Index of refraction --> Refractive index

Nonlinear refractive index coefficient

Definition:

: Intensity of the beam

Refractive index increments

(refractive index increment)

: Refractive index increment in state of the glass

: Refractive index increment in state of rubber

Photoelasticity

Occurrence of the optical anisotropy which it occurs in the optical isotropic body, is by stress and disappearance of the anisotropy with stress relief.

[Property item]

Stress-optical coefficient:: During the alpha-relaxation regime and for small deformations, the birefringence is proportional to the stress. This relation is quantified by the stress-optical coefficient (SOC) or the ratio of birefringence to stress.; R_t = Ct (p-q) = n λ

Here, C is a stress optical coefficient, t is thickness of the board , p, and q are main stress, n is a stripes number that passed a specific point while adding the load, λ is a wavelength of light.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	1/GPa
[Other units]	1cm²/dyn = 1(1/Pa) 1brewster = 1E(-12)(1/Pa)
[SI unit]	1/Pa

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the wavelength of light are preconditions.

Crystallization kinetics

[Property item]
The following item is targeted as Crystallization kinetics in the data adoption.

R: Growth rate of crystal / spherulite:

k: Growth rate parameter of Avrami equation:

n: Nucleation parameter of Avrami equation:

Half-time of crystallization: (50% crystallization time)
T_ic: (Isothermal crystallization temperature)

Avrami equation
1. The expression that describes the speed of the crystallization, as follows,
  
  (1)
  
  here t and θc are time and a volume fraction of the generated crystals respectively, at constant temperature. k and n are suitable parameters.
2. Parameter k of expression (1) depends on the temperature.

[Unit]

R: Growth rate of crystal / spherulite	[Adopted unit]	nm/s
k: Growth rate parameter of Avrami equation	[Adopted unit]	None
n: Nucleation parameter of Avrami equation	[Adopted unit]	None

Half-time of crystallization
Time	[Adopted unit]	second
T_ic	[Adopted unit]	C
	[Other units]	K, F
	[SI unit]	K

[Notes]
The factor on spherulite growth speed (spherulitic growth rate) and on nuclear generation speed (nucleation rate) includes many items, molecular weight of the sample, the molecular weight distribution, and time, so on.

Crystallization

[Property item]

Crystallization temperature:: Temperature when a part of whole of material perhaps changes from liquid (unusual gas) or non-Jou solid into crystal condition.
Heat of crystallization:: Calorie discharged when a part of whole of material perhaps changes from liquid (unusual gas) or non-Jou solid into crystal condition.

[Unit]

Crystallization temperature		Heat of crystallization
[Adopted unit]	C	[Adopted unit]	cal/g
[Other units]	K, F	[Other units]	kJ/kg
[SI unit]	K	[SI unit]	kJ/kg (JIS)

[Measuring method]
DSC, DTA

[Measurement standard]

Crystallization temperature

ISO 11357-3:2018	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 3:　Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization
JIS K 7121:2012(2017)	Testing method for Transition Temperatures of Plastics: ADP ISO 3146:2000

Heat of crystallization

ASTM D3418-15	Standard Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of　Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
ISO 11357-3:2018	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 3:　Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization
JIS K 7122:2012(2017)	Testing Method for Heat of Transition of Plastics

[Measurement condition]
Heating rate, Cooling rate, Heating, Cooling, from solution

[Notes]
This item name is vague the definition, and is too undesirable. It is because the content shown whether "Crystallization" do intransitive verb or transitive verb is different. Therefore, the crystallization temperature at the time of cooling (Or, temperature rises) must be recorded with cooling or the temperature rise speed.
In many cases, the crystallization cools melt quickly to the desired temperature, and time and the speed to the crystallization in the temperature are measured. (Isothermal crystallization) (Refer to Crystallization kinetics.)

Glass transition temperature

[Property item]

Glass transition temperature:: The middle point within the range of temperature where the glass metastasis is done almost. (ISO)
The temperature at which polymer reversiblly change from viscous or rubbery condition to hard and comparatively fragile condition, and vise versa. The crystalline portion remains crystalline during the glass transition.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F
[SI unit]	K

[Measuring method]
DSC, DTA, TMA, Dilatometry, Dielectric relaxation

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D3418-15	Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Thermal Analysis
IEC 61006 Ed. 1.0:1991 (b)	Method of test for the determination of the glass transition temperature of electrical insulating materials
ISO 11357-1:2016	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 1: General principles
ISO 11357-2:2020	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature
ISO 11359-2:1999	Plastics -- Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) -- Part 2: Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient and glass transition temperature
JIS K 7121:2012(2017)	Testing method for Transition Temperatures of Plastics: ADP ISO 3146:2000

[Measurement condition]
Heating rate, Frequency

[Notes]
The glass transition temperature changes remarkably depending on the test conditions and on the examination method. (ISO)
Glass transition temperature Tg must depend on the observation time because the glass transition can be understood as a kind of relaxation.
When Tg is obtained from the dynamic measurement, it is necessary to note the measurement time scale.

[Related terms]
The following word is a synonym.
Glass temperature, Glass-rubber transition temperature, Glass transition point

[Related information]
The following item that might be obtained along with the measurement of the glass transition temperature is collected.

Activation energy
Transition Temperature
Heat capacity increment (at Tg)

Heat of fusion

[Property item]

Heat of fusion:: The heat quantity which is required for changing the solid into the liquid of the same temperature.
Heat of fusion (mol conversion):: The heat of fusion which is required for changing the solid every 1 mol. However, "Mole" here is an amount of the expression of constituional unit (CU).

[Unit]

Heat of fusion

[Adopted unit]	kcal/g
[Other units]	cal/g kJ/kg J/g
[SI unit]	J/kg

Heat of fusion (mol conversion)

[Adopted unit]	kcal/mol
[Other units]	kJ/mol

[Measuring method]
DSC, DTA

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D3418-15	Standard Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
ISO 11357-3:2018	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization
JIS K 7122:2012(2017)	Testing Method for Heat of Transition of Plastics

[Measurement condition]
Heating rate, Pressure

[Notes]
Whether the crystal section or the whole, value changes.

Thermal decomposition

[Property item]

Thermal decomposition temperature:

The weight decrease rate in the temperature is collected with the temperature.

Temperature
Weight loss

Isothermal weight loss:

Temperature
Weight loss
hours

[Unit]

Thermal decomposition temperature

Temperature	[Adopted unit]	C
	[Other units]	K, F
	[SI unit]	K
Weight loss	[Adopted unit]	%

Isothermal weight loss

Temperature	[Adopted unit]	C
	[Other units]	K, F
	[SI unit]	K
Weight loss	[Adopted unit]	%
Hours	[Adopted unit]	hour

[Measuring method]
TG, Isothermogravimetric analysis

[Measurement standard]

ISO 11358-1:2014	Plastics -- Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers -- Part 1: General principles
ISO 11358-2:2014	Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers -- Part 2: Determination of activation energy
ISO 11358-3:2013	Plastics -- Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers -- Part 3: Determination of the activation energy using the Ozawa-Friedman plot and analysis of the reaction kinetics
JIS K 7120:1987(2015)	Testing Method of Plastics by Thermogravimetry

[Measurement condition]
Heating rate, gas, vacuum

[Notes]
"Heat decomposition temperature" is not specified clearly. The "start temperature" of the heat weight measurement by TG, "middle point temperature", "end temperature", etc. are prescribed by ISO and JIS. JIS has also prescribed the reading of obtained TG curve including the case of multi-stage mass reduction.

LC Phase transition temperature

[Property item]

LC Phase transition temperature:: Phase transition temperature of polymer liquid crystal.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F
[SI unit]	K

[Measuring method]
DSC, DTA, Optical microscope, Dilatometry

[Measurement standard]

ISO 3146:2000	Plastics -- Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers
JIS K 7121:2012(2017)	Testing method for Transition Temperatures of Plastics: ADP ISO 3146:2000

[Measurement condition]
Heating rate

Thermal expansion

[Property item]

Linear expansion coefficient:: Reversible change in length of material for each length unit per one degree temperature change. (ISO)
(Note) The value might change within the different range of the temperature.

Volume expansion coefficient:

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F
[SI unit]	K

[Measuring method]
Dilatometer, Pycnometer

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D696-16	Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30C and 30C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
ASTM E228-17	Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer: (general material)
ASTM E831-19	Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis @m/m/C
ISO 11359-2:1999	Plastics -- Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) -- Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion coefficient and glass transition temperature
JIS K 7197:2012(2017)	Testing method for linear thermal expansion coefficient of plastics by thermomechanical analysis

[Measurement condition]
Temperature range (ex.). "below Tg"
State (ex.). "glassy, rubber"

[Notes]
α_a, α_b, and α_c are separately described for the axis of the crystal.
A value different depending on the direction of the measurement is obtained even by an anisotropic material.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is greatly different in lower than Tg or upper than Tg. The applied range of the temperature is important.

[Related terms]
The coefficient of thermal expansion closely relates to the PVT relation. - Reference such as PVT relation and Bulk modulus.

[related term ]
The coefficient of thermal expansion closely relates to the PVT relation. - Reference such as PVT relation and * Bulk modulus.

Melting temperature

[Property item]

Melting temperature:: Temperature at which crystalline disappears by heating in semi-crystalline material when measuring it under specific examination condition. (ISO, JIS) Melting point is a synonym.

Equilibrium melting temperature
This is thermodynamically called a true melting point by the melting point corresponding to the crystal of steady infinite thickness. Experimentally, it is a temperature in the crystallization degree 100% at extrapolation as for relate about crystallization degree-melting point.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F
[SI unit]	K

[Measuring method]
DSC, DTA, TMA, Microscope

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D3418-15	Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Thermal Analysis
ISO 11357-3:2018	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization
ISO 3146:2000	Plastics -- Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods
JIS K 7121 (1987)	Testing method for Transition Temperatures of Plastics: ADP ISO 3146 (1985)

[Measurement condition]
Heating rate, Frequency

Specific heat capacity

[Property item]

Specific heat capacity Cp:: The heat needed for to raise the temperature one degree of the material of the unit weight under the condition of constant pressure.
Specific heat capacity Cv:: The heat needed for to raise the temperature one degree of the material of the unit weight under the condition of constant volume.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	cal/(g*C)
[Other units]	kJ/(kgK), J/(gK)
[SI unit]	J/(kg*K)

[Measuring method]
DSC, DTA

[Measurement standard]

ASTM E1269-11(2018)	Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
ISO 11357-4:2014	Plastics -- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) -- Part 4:Determination of specific heat capacity
JIS K 7123:2012(2017)	Testing Method for Specific Heat Capacity of Plastics(Amendment 1)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.
Heating rate.

[Notes]
In a fluorine hydrocarbon (PTFE etc.), "Heat capacity per carbon atom" etc. might be shown.

Heat conduction (Heat transfer)

[Property item]

Thermal conductivity (of a homogeneous material not affected by thickness):: Speed of flow of heat in original of stationary state that passes area of unit for each unit temperature inclination in vertical direction to the area.
Thermal diffusivity:: Ratio of thermal conductivity of material to product of density and specific heat of the material.

Rate of thermal diffusivity (α) and thermal conductivity (λ) is in the relation of the following equation by using density (ρ) and specific heat capacity (Cp).

[Unit]

Thermal conductivity		Thermal diffusivity
[Adopted unit]	W/(m*K)	[Adopted unit]	m²/s
[Other units]	cal/(m*K)	[Other units]	cm²/s
[SI unit]	W/(m*K)	[SI unit]	m²/s

[Measuring method]
Laser Flash, Opto-acoustic

[Measurement standard]

ASTM C177-19	Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
ASTM D5470-17	Standard Test Methods for Thermal Transmission Properties of Thin Thermally Conductive Solid Electrical Insulation Materials
JIS A 1412-1:2016	Test method for thermal resistance and related properties of thermal insulations -- Part 1: Guarded hot plate apparatus
JIS A 1412-2:1999(2016)	Test method for thermal resistance and related properties of thermal insulations -- Part 2: Heat flow meter apparatus
JIS A 1412-3:1999(2016)	Test method for thermal resistance and related properties of thermal insulations -- Part 3: Circular pipe apparatus

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

[Notes]
Heating Method and Sample shape, etc. are shown.

Dielectric properties

[Property item]

Dielectric constant, DC:: Relative permittivity measured in direct current.
Dielectric breakdown voltage:: Voltage necessary to cause destructive electrical discharge between two conductors.

Relative dielectric constant (relative permittivity)
The ratio for the capacitance between the identical arrangement electrode in, in the vacuum of capacitance of the condenser where the space between and around the electrode is filled up completely and monopolistically with that insulating material.
Synonym: Relative permittivity

[Unit]

Dielectric constant (DC)	None
Dielectric breakdown voltage	[Adopted unit]	kV/mm
Dielectric breakdown voltage	[Other units]	kV/mil

[Measuring method]
Bridge, Step, Reflection, Digital

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D149-20	Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
ASTM D150-18	Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
ASTM D3755-20	Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Direct-Voltage Stress
JIS C 2110-1:2016	Solid electrical insulating materials -- Test methods for electric strength -- Part 1: Tests at power frequencies
JIS C 2110-2:2016	Solid electrical insulating materials -- Test methods for electric strength -- Part 2: Tests using direct voltage
JIS C 2110-3:2016	2016 Solid electrical insulating materials -- Test methods for electric strength -- Part 3: Tests using impulse voltage
JIS C 2151:2019	Testing methods of plastic films for electrical purposes

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the measurement voltage are preconditions.

[Notes]
PoLyInfo use , as for Dielectric constant, specific dielectric constant ε/ε_o (Permittivity of the polymer/permittivity of the vacuum)

[Related terms]
Dielectric breakdown strength (dielectric breakdown or more)
It is a minimum voltage in which the dielectric breakdown is caused when the voltage is added to an electric insulating material. It is shown by the ..exclusion.. value(potential gradient at the time of dielectric breakdown) in the thickness of the break down voltage of the sample, and, in general, it shows by the unit of kV/mm usually.

Dielectric dispersion

[Property item]

Dielectric constant (AC), ε' (Storage dielectric constant) (storage permittivity): Real part of complex permittivity.
Dielectric loss factor, ε" (Loss dielectric constant) (loss permittivity): Imaginary part of complex permittivity.
Dielectric loss tangent, tan δ, (Dielectric dissipation factor) (Dielectric dissipation factor): Tangent ε"/ε' in dielectric loss angle.

[Unit]: None for all.

[Measuring method]
Bridge, Step, Reflection, Digital

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D150-18	Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
JIS K 6911:2006(2016)	Testing method for thermosetting plastics
JIS C 2151:2019	Method of examining plastic film for electricity

[Measurement condition]　
The measurement temperature and the measurement frequency are preconditions.
Besides, Heating rate, Cooling rate, and Gas, etc.

[Notes]
The permittivity originally has the unit of F/m (basic unit of SI). Generally, the relative permittivity is called a permittivity. The term of JIS also follows this. It is often measured with a low frequency, and, in this case, the permittivity of the measurement is a real part of complex permittivity.

Electric resistivity

[Property item]

Volume resistivity:: The value obtained dividing the voltage inclination of the material by the current.
(Note) In the metric system, the volume resistivity shown by ohm centimeter of the material is equal to the volume resistance between surfaces face to face of the material of 1cm cube.
Surface resistivity:: (Note) The surface resistivity of the material is equal to the surface resistance of two interelectrode formed between the vicinity where one square is opposite. The square size is not important.

Electric conductivity:
A reciprocal of the electric resistance.

[Unit]

Volume resistivity	[Adopted unit]	Ω*cm
Volume resistivity	[Other units]	MΩ*cm
Surface resistivity	[Adopted unit]	MΩ
Surface resistivity	[Other units]	Ω
Electric conductivity	[Adopted unit]	1/(Ω*cm)

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D257-14	Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
ISO 3915:1981	Plastics -- Measurement of resistivity of conductive plastics
JIS K 7194:1994(2016)	Testing method for resistivity of conductive plastics with a four-point probe array

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

[Related terms]
Specific resistivity (resistivity)
It is the same as surface resistance (Ω) or volume resistance (Ωcm).

Gas Permeability and diffusion

[Property item]

Gas permeability coefficient P:
Gas diffusion coefficient D:: Constant that shows speed of diffusion in diffusion equation.
Gas solubility coefficient S:

[Unit]

Gas permeability coefficient P

[Adopted unit]	cm³(STP) cm/ (cm²sPa)
[Other units]	cm³(STP)cm/(cm²scmHg) cm³(STP)cm/(cm²satm) cm³(STP)cm/(cm²24hatm) cm³(STP)cm/(cm²24hatm) cm³(STP)cm/(cm²24hbar)
[SI unit]	molm/(m²s*Pa)

Gas diffusion coefficient D

[Adopted unit]	cm²/s
[SI unit]	m²/s

Gas solubility coefficient S

[Adopted unit]

cm³(STP)/(cm³Pa)

(note) STP: Standard temperature and pressure = 273.15 K, 1.013*10E(05) Pa

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D1434-82(2015)	Standard Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM D3985-17	Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor
ISO 2556:1974	Plastics -- Determination of the gas transmission rate of films and thin sheets under atmospheric pressure -- Manometric method
JIS K 7126-1:2006(2015)	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of gas-transmission rate- Part 1 : Differential-pressure method
JIS K 7126-2:2006(2015)	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of gas-transmission rate- Part 2 : Equal-pressure method

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.
Permeant: The penetration gas kind (low molecular compound) is an indispensable matter.
Additionally, RH(relative humidity), time, and pressure are needed.

[Notes]
Vapor coefficient of permeability is converted to the cubic measure of the vapor of normal condition generally. In case of the water, because in normal condition it is the liquid, the unit which is used in the literature some kind of ones note is necessary.

[Related information]
The following item that might be obtained along with the measurement of the gas transmission coefficient is collected if shown in the literature.

Pre-factor and activation energy
E_P: Activation energy of permeation
E_D: Activation energy of diffusion
E_s (ΔH): Activation energy of solubility --> heat of dissolution

Solubility parameter

[Property item]

Solubility parameter (of polymer):: The characteristic of Polymer used when the dissolubility to the solvent with Polymer is forecast.
Hansen parameter delta-p (polar component δ_p):
Hansen parameter delta-d (dispersion component δ_d):
Hansen parameter delta-h (hydrogen bonding component δ_h):: Hansen parameter; Expressed by three components of the above-mentioned to improve the accuracy of Hildebrand parameter.

Cohesive energy density, CED

[Unit]

Solubility parameter (of polymer) Hansen parameter delta-p (polar component δ_p) Hansen parameter delta-d (dispersion component δ_d) Hansen parameter delta-h (hydrogen bonding component δ_h)	[Adopted unit]	(J/cm³)^1/2
	[Other units]	(cal/cm³)^1/2, (MPa)^1/2
	[SI unit]	(J/m³)^1/2, (MPa)^1/2
Cohesive energy density, CED	[Adopted unit]	(cal/cm³)
Cohesive energy density, CED	[Other units]	MPa

[Measuring method]
Resilience, Solution viscosity, Swelling, Density measurement

[Measurement condition]
Test solvent names, temperature, and pressure

[Notes]
Polymer is often minute crosslinked when measuring it by the Swelling law. In this case, obtained solution properties are handled assuming that there is not a minute crosslinking for polymer structures.

[Related terms]
Hildebrand parameter
Solubility parameter
equation2

: Solubility parameter and K: Constant and γ Surface tension

Molar cohesion energy per monomeric unit
Molar cohesion energy per monomeric unit
Cohesion energy for each unit (≒CU) of monomer

SP value (SP value)

Here

: Evaporation energy (cal/mol)

: Density (g/cc)

: Mole capacity (cc/mol)

: Gram-molecular weight (g/mol)

: Evaporation latent heat (cal/mol)

: Absolute temperature (K)

: Gas constant (1.987cal/(mol*K))

The SP value can be experimentally obtained for the solvent by the above-mentioned expression, for polymers it is calculated from the expression of the following Small because polymer is not volatile.

: Unit molecular weight of Polymer

: Density

: Peculiar constant to atom group and radical

Interfacial tension

[Property item]

Interfacial tension:: When two phases touch, the power which works in the boundary. If one phase is the vapor, it is said the surface tension.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	mN/m
[Other units]	dyn/cm
[SI unit]	N/m

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D1331-14

Standard Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

[Notes]
Partner polymer is shown in the remarks column.

Surface tension

[Property item]

Surface tension:: Work for each unit area necessary for changing surface area of material.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	mN/m
[Other units]	dyn/cm
[SI unit]	N/m

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

[Notes]
In case of critical surface tension, the effect is stated in the remarks column.

Water absorption

[Property item]

Water absorption:: Amount of moisture that material absorbs under specific examination condition.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]　

wt%

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D570-98(2008)	Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
ISO 62:2008	Plastics-Determination of water absorption
JIS K 7114:2001(2020)	Plastics-Method of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid chemicals. (ISO 175:1999)
JIS K 7209:2000(2019)	Plastics-Determination pf water absorption. (ISO 62:1999)
JIS K 7223:1996(2016)	Testing method for water absorption capacity of super absorbent polymers
JIS K 7224:1996(2016)	Testing method for water absorption rate of super absorbent polymers

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.
Other conditions, whether immersed in water or not, RH(relative humidity), and Time, etc.

[Notes]
The state adjustment of the test piece before examination is provided for in detail by JIS

[Related terms]
Moisture absorption

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation, BET equation
Expression of general moisuture absorption.

: mass of gas adsorbed (per mass of dry solid)

: relative pressure

: mass of gas corresponging to monolayer coverage

: constant which reflects the overall free energy of adsorption

Water vapor transmission

[Property item]

Water vapor transmission:: The quantity of the steam amount under provided temperature and humidity conditions, which passes through unit area of film materials in fixed time.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	gmil/(cm²24h)
[Other units]	g/(cm²*24h)

(Note) g/(cm²*24h) is an amount of penetration for each unit area,
and g*mil/(cm²*24h) is the one that thickness (mil) was put on g/(cm²*24h).

[Measurement standard]

ASTM E96/E96M-16	Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
ASTM D1653-13	Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films
ASTM D3833/D3833M-96(2019)	Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
ASTM D7709-12(2017)	Standard Test Methods for Measuring Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) of Pharmaceutical Bottles and Blisters
ASTM F1249-20	Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor
JIS K 7129-1:2019	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 1: Humidity detection sensor method
JIS K 7129-2:2019	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 2: Infrared detection sensor method
JIS K 7129-3:2019	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 3: Electrolytic detection sensor method
JIS K 7129-4:2019	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 4: Gas-chromatographic detection sensor method
JIS K 7129-5:2016	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 5: Pressure sensor method
JIS K 7129-6:2016	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 6: Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer method
JIS K 7129-7:2016	Plastics-Film and sheeting-Determination of water vapour transmission rate-Part 7: Calcium corrosion method
JIS Z 0208:1976(2017)	Testing Method for Determination of the Water Vapour Transmission Rate of Moisture-Proof Packaging Materials (Dish Method)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.
Besides, Immersed in water, RH(relative humidity), and Time, etc.

[Related terms]
Water vapor transmission rate

Diffusion coefficient

[Property item]

Diffusion coefficient (of the polymer molecule):: Here, diffusion coefficients of the Polymer molecule are collected.
The diffusion coefficient of a low molecule and a gas into Polymer is Gas diffusion coefficient.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]

cm²/s

[Measuring method]

Light scattering method
Ultracentrifugal methodOptical method
Optical method

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the measurement solvent are preconditions.

[Notes]
It is necessary to note no confusion with Gas diffusion coefficient.
It is necessary to evaluate it together with the data of molecular weight.

Good solvent/Poor solvent

[Property item]

Good solvent:: Solvent with Θ temperature that is extremely lower than normal temperature.
Poor solvent:: Solvent with Θ temperature in the vicinity of normal temperature.

[Unit]: None

[Notes]
The case to do handling that is more theoretical than solvent (Solvent names) /non-solvent (Non-solvent names) corresponds.

Intrinsic viscosity

[Property item]

Intrinsic viscosity:: Reduced viscosity in infinite dilute solution of the polymer or limit of the value of of inherent viscosity.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]

dl/g

[Measuring method]
Ubbelohde (Cannon-Ubbelohde)
Cannon-Fenske
Ostwald

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D2857-16	Standard Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
ASTM D5225-17	Standard Test Method for Measuring Solution Viscosity of Polymers with a Differential Viscometer
ASTM D445-19a	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ISO 1628-1:2009/Amd 1:2012	Guidelines for the standardization of methods for the determination of viscosity number and limiting viscosity number of polymers in dilute solution - Part 1:General conditions 1628-2:2020: - Part 2: Poly (vinyl chloride) resins 1628-3:2010: - Part 3: Polyethylenes and polypropylenes 1628-4:1999: - Part 4: Polycarbonate (PC) moulding and extrusion materials 1628-5:1998: - Part 5: Poly (alkylene terephthalates) 1628-6:1990: - Part 6: Methyl methacrylate polymers

There is no standard of a general viscosity measuring method in JIS. There is a description in the examination method of an individual resin.

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the measurement solvent are preconditions.

[Notes]
It is necessary to evaluate it together with the data of molecular weight.

[Related terms]

Limiting viscosity number
It is synonymous with a intrinsic viscosity.
Also as for this term, Staudinger index is known in documents related to the polymer.
Reduced viscosity
Ratio η_r/c of increase η_r of relative viscosity against mass density c of polymerization body
It is necessary to specify the unit.
Inherent viscosity
Ratio to mass density c of polymer of natural logarithm of relative viscosity.
Huggins equation
The expression that describes the substrate density dependency of Polymer of reduction viscosity η_i/c for a thin Polymer solution
k_H is Hagins coefficient here, and [η] is a intrinsic viscosity. (IUPAC)
Mark-Houwink equation
(IUPAC) The expression that describes the molecular weight dependency of a peculiar viscosity of Polymer.

M_r is usually one of the molecular weight. (IUPAC)
Kuhn and Sakurada also did important contribution, and include their names occasionally like Kuhn-Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation occasionally.

Radius of gyration

[Property item]

Radius of gyration:: The parameter that characterizes the size of the particle regardless of its shape.
It is defined in all the mass elements as a square root of the mass average of ri2 for an rigid particle that consists of the mass element of in mass that exists respectively in the distance of by the center of mass.

Take the average of all the conformational distribution for a non-rigid particle.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]

[Measuring method]
LS (Light scattering method)
SANS (Small-angle neutron scattering)
SAXS (Small-angle X-ray scattering)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the measurement solvent are preconditions.

[Notes]
It is necessary to evaluate it together with the data of molecular weight.
It is necessary to note that it is easy to confuse the property with the following terms.

Unperturbed dimension
Extension of random coil of Polymer molecule of real existence that exists in state of Sheeta.

Perturbed dimension
The extension of the random coil of the Polymer molecule of real existence in the state of Sheeta.

End-to-end vector
The vector in which both ends of the linear polymer chain that reserves a certain distribution seat are connected.

End-to-end distance
The length of the vector between one end to another end.
Though it is easy to make a mistake, Unperturbed dimension is a end-to-end distance above mentioned.

Second virial coefficient

[Property item]

Second virial coefficient:

lWhen chemical potential μ_s of the solvent is developed with the power series of the solute of C in the mass density, coefficient A₂ of the next expression is meant the second virial coefficient.

Here μ_s⁰ is chemical potential of the solvent in the standard condition of temperature of system and by atmospheric pressure, as for osmotic pressure, and V_s. It is partial molar volume of the solvent.
The following type that develops osmotic pressure as function of density (Virial expansion) by showing gap from ideal solution of relation of Vant Hoff,

The coefficient A₂ is called the second virial coefficient. The intermolecular effect of two is shown.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]

cm³*mol/g²

[Measuring method]

Light scattering method (LS)
Membrane osmosis
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Sedimentation

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the measurement solvent are preconditions.

[Notes]
It is necessary to note the dimension of the unit because some varieties of the expressions are used.
There are a temperature dependency and a molecular weight dependency.

Sedimentation coefficient

[Property item]

sedimentation coefficient:: To call the parameter which characterizes the movement of the particle at the centrifugal force place, drift speed u per unit centrifugal acceleration.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	second
[Other units]	1svedberg = 1E(-13)sec
[SI unit]	second

[Measuring method]
Ultra-centrifuge

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and the measurement solvent are preconditions.

[Notes]
It is necessary to evaluate it together with the data of molecular weight.

Theta-solvent / Theta-temp

[Property item]

Theta solvent, Θ solvent:: See "Theta state".
Theta-temperature, Θ temperature:: The temperature where the solution takes the state.

(Note) Theta state: Θ state
The state of the Polymer solution where the value of the second virial coefficient becomes 0.

The Polymer solution in the Θ state might look like the ideal solution, and the Θ state is sometimes denoted as "pseudo-ideal state". However, do not assume that the solution in the Θ state is the same as the ideal solution.

The solvent at this time is called "Theta solvent".

[Unit]

Theta solvent	None
Theta-temperature	[Adopted unit]	C
Theta-temperature	[Other units]	K, F

[Measuring method]

Cloud point (C.P.)
Phase Equilibrium (PE)
Diffusion coefficient-molar mass (DM)
Sedimentation coefficient-molar mass (SM)
Intrinsic viscosity-molar mass (VM)

Dynamic viscosity

[Property item]

Dynamic viscosity
Dynamic viscosity is defined in the same way as complex modulus (E*, G*).
The real part is the ratio of stress to strain rate of the same phase.

:angular velocity
Dynamic viscosity (Real part)
Dynamic viscosity (Imaginary part)
Loss tangent tan
( = G'' / G' )

[Unit]

Dynamic viscosity	[Adopted unit]	N*s/m²
Dynamic viscosity	[Other unit]	Pas dyns/cm² poise

[Measuring method
Rotational rheometer

[Measurement standard]

ISO 6721-10:2015	Plastics -- Determination of dynamic mechanical properties -- Part10: Complex shear viscosity using a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer
JIS K 7244-10:2005	Plastics Determination of dynamic mechanical properties Part10:Complex shear viscosity using a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer

[Measurement condition]
Temperature, Frequency

Melt viscosity

[Property item]

Melt viscosity Viscosity of polymer in molten state

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	Ns/m²(= Pas)
[Other unit]	dyn*s/cm²(= poise)
[SI Unit]	Pa*s

[Measuring method]
Capillary rheometer
Rotational rheometer
Brookfield type single and cylinder rotation viscosity meter and double and cylinder rotation viscosity meter

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D5481-13(2020)	Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer
ISO 2555:2018	Plastics -- Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions -- Determination of apparent viscosity using a single cylinder type rotational viscometer method
ISO 3219:1993	Plastics -- Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions -- Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 11442:2006	Plastics -- Determination of fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit -- die rheometers
ISO 12058-1(2018)	Plastics -- Determination of viscosity using a falling-ball viscometer -- Part 1: Inclined-tube method
JIS K 7117-1:1999(2018)	Plastics--Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions--Determination of apparent viscosity by the Brookfield Test method(ISO 2555:1989)
JIS K 7117-2:1999(2018)	Plastics--Polymers/Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions--Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate(ISO 3219:1993)
JIS K 7199:1999(2015)	Plastics-Determination of the fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit-die rheometers.

[Measurement condition] The measurement temperature is a precondition.

Dynamic mechanical properties

[Property item]

Storage modulus:: Real part of complex modulus.
Loss modulus:: Imaginary part of complex modulus.
Loss tangent:: Ratio of Loss modulus to storage modulus.

[Unit]

Storage modulus	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Storage modulus	[Other units]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Loss modulus	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Loss modulus	[Other units]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Loss tangent	[Adopted unit]	%

[Measuring method]

Tensile tester
DMA (contain Vibron)
Ultrasonic measurement

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D4065-12	Standard Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics
ISO 6721-1:2019	Plastics -- Detemination of dynamic mechanical properties -- part 1:General principles: = JIS K 7244-1:1998(2018)
ISO 6721-2:2019	Plastics -- Detemination of dynamic mechanical properties -- part 2: Torsion-pendulum method = JIS K 7244-2:1998(2018)
ISO 6721-3:1994	Plastics -- Detemination of dynamic mechanical properties -- part 3: Flexural vibraton--Resonance-curve method = JIS K 7244-3:1999(2020)
ISO 6721-4:2019	Plastics -- Detemination of dynamic mechanical properties -- part 4:Tensile vibration--Non-resonance method: = JIS K 7244-4:1999(2020)
ISO 6721-5:2019	Plastics -- Detemination of dynamic mechanical properties -- part 5: Flexural vibration--Non-resonance method = JIS K 7244-5:1999(2020)
ISO 6721-6:2019	Plastics -- Detemination of dynamic mechanical properties -- part 6: Shear vibration--Non-resonance method = JIS K 7244-65:1999(2020)
ISO 6721-7:2019	Plastics -- Determination of dynamic mechanical properties -- Part 7: Torsional vibration -- Non-resonance method
ISO 6721-8:2019	Plastics -- Determination of dynamic mechanical properties -- Part 8: Longitudinal and shear vibration -- Wave-propagation method
ISO 6721-9: 2019	Plastics -- Determination of dynamic mechanical properties -- Part 9: Tensile vibration -- Sonic-pulse propagation method

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature and frequency are preconditions.

Tensile properties

[Property item]

Tensile modulus:: The ratio of the tensile stress to strain within the tensile limit of proportionality.
Tensile stress (strength) at break:: Tensile stress at moment that test piece destroyed.
Tensile stress (strength) at yield:: Tensile stress where an increase in expansion is admitted without an increase in gaining the weight on stress-strain curve.
Elongation at break:: The elongation which corresponds to tensile breaking strength.
Elongation at yield:: The elongation which corresponds to tensile yield strength.

Fiber tensile modulus:

Fiber tensile strength (at break):

Fiber tensile elongation (at break):

[Unit]

Tensile modulus Tensile stress (strength) at break Tensile stress (strength) at yield	[Adopted unit]	GPa
	[Other units]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi

Elongation at break Elongation at yield	[Adopted unit]	%
Fiber tensile modulus Fiber tensile strength (at break)	[Adopted unit]	g/denier
Fiber tensile elongation (at break)	[Adopted unit]	%

[Measuring method]
Tensile tester

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D638-14	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
ASTM D412-16	Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension
ASTM D1708-18	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics By Use of Microtensile Specimens
ASTM D882-18	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
ASTM D2370-16	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
ASTM D3822/D3822M-14(2020)	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
ISO 527-1:2019	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 1: General principles =JIS K 7161-1-14(2019)
ISO 527-2:2012	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics =JIS K 7161-2-14(2019)
ISO 527-3:2018	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 3:Test conditions for films and sheets =JIS K 7127-99
ISO 527-4:1997	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites =JIS K 7164-05
ISO 527-5:1997	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites =JIS K 7165-08
JIS K 7161-1:2014(2019)	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 1: General principles(ISO 527-1:2019)
JIS K 7161-2:2014(2019)	Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics(ISO 527-2:2012)
JIS K 7127:1999(2018)	Plastics?Determination of tensile properties?Part 3 : Test conditions for films and sheets(ISO 527-3:2018)
JIS K 7164:2005(2020)	Plastics-Determination of tensile properties-Part 4:Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites(ISO 527-4:1997)
JIS K 7165:2008(2017)	Plastics-Determination of tensile properties-Part 5:Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites(ISO 527-5:1997)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

Shear properties

[Property item]

Shear stress (strength) at break
Shear stress at the sample break

Shear stress (strength) at yield
Shear stress at the sample yield

[Unit]

Sheer modulus Shear stress (strength) at break Shear stress (strength) at yield	[Adopted unit]	GPa
	[Other unit]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi

[Measuring method]

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D732-17	Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Plastics by Punch Tool
JIS K 7244-2:1998(2018)	Determination of dynamic mechanical properties-Part2 : Torsion-pendulum method

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

Flexural properties

[Property item]

Flexural modulus:: The ratio of the difference of stress (σ₂ - σ₁) by the difference of distortion (ε₂ - ε₁), where distortion of 2 points which are stipulated ε₁= 0.0005, and ε₂= 0.0025, the stress for each one σ₁ and σ₂ .
Flexural stress (strength) at break:: The maximum bending stress that appears to test piece during the bending test to breaking. (ISO, JIS)
Flexural stress (strength) at yield:

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	GPa
[Other units]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi

[Measuring method]
Tensile tester

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D790-17	Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
ISO 178:2019	Plastics -- Determination of flexural properties
JIS K 7171:2016	Plastics-Determination of flexural properties (ISO 178: 1993)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

Compressive properties

[Property item]

Compressive modulus:: The ratio of the difference of stress (σ₂ - σ₁ ) by the difference of distortion (ε₂ - ε₁), where distortion of two points which are stipulated ε₁ = 0.0005, and ε₂ = 0.0025, the stress for each one σ₁ and σ₂ .
Compressive stress (strength) at break:: The maximum compression stress supported in compression test by test piece. (ISO, JIS)
Compressive stress (strength) at yield:

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	GPa
[Other units]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi

[Measuring method]
Tensile tester, DMA

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D695-15	Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
ISO 604:2002	Plastics -- Determination of compressive properties
JIS K 7181:2011(2016)	Plastics -- Determination of compressive properties (ISO 604:2002)

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

Creep properties

[Property item]

Creep rupture strength
Stress to produce rupture in a fixed amount of time(hr).

Creep rupture time
Time from applying test load to specimen to breaking.

Creep strain
Strain caused by the applied stress during a creep test at any given time.

Creep modulus
Ratio of stress to creep strain.

Creep compliance
Ratio of creep strain to stress, reciprocal of elastic modulus.

Creep recovery
Strain obtained by subtracting the strain after a predetermined time has passed after removing the load from the strain immediately before removing the load.

[Unit]

Creep rupture strength	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Creep rupture strength	[Other units]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Creep rupture time	[Adopted unit]	hour
Creep rupture time	[Other units]	day month year
Creep strain	[Adopted unit]	%
Creep strain	Creep modulus	[Adopted unit]	GPa
[Other units]	Creep modulus	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Creep compliance	[Adopted unit]	1/GPa
Creep compliance	[Other units]	1/MPa cm²/kgf cm²/dyn 1/psi
Creep recovery	[Adopted unit]	%

[Measuring method] Tensile tester

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D2990-17	Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
ISO 899-1:2017	Plastics -- Determination of creep behaviour -- Part 1: Tensile creep
ISO 899-2:2003	Plastics -- Determination of creep behaviour -- Part 2: Flexural creep by three-point loading
JIS K 7115:1999(2015)	Plastics Determinaion of creep behaviour Part1 : Tensile creep
JIS K 7116:1999(2015)	Plastics Determination of creep behaviour Part 2 : Flexural creep by three-point loading

[Measurement condition] Temperature, time, stress, load are precondition.

Brittleness temperature

[Property item]

Brittleness temperature:: Temperature with 50% probability of test piece brittle fracture, examined according to ISO 974 (JIS 7216).

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D746-20	Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact
ASTM D1790-14	Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastic Sheeting by Impact
ISO 974:2000	Plastics -- Determination of the brittleness temperature by impact
JIS K 7216:1980(2015)	Testing method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

Deflection temperature under load (HDT)

[Property item]

Deflection temperature under load:: The temperature at which the test piece bends fixed distance, under a specific examination condition with a constant bend load.

(Note) The term called "heat deflection temperature" (HDT) should be avoided for this property.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D648-18	Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
ISO 75-1:2020	Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 1: General test method
ISO 75-2:2013	Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 2: Plastics and ebonite
ISO 75-3:2004	Plastics－ Determination of temperature of deflection under load－Part 3: High-strength thermosetting laminates and long-fibre-reinforced plastics)
JIS K 7191-1:2015(2020)	Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 1: General test method (ISO 75-1:1993)
JIS K 7191-2:2015(2020)	Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 2: Plastics and ebonite (ISO 75-2:1993)
JIS K 7191-3:2007(2017)	Plastics－Determination of temperature of deflection under load－Part 3: High-strength thermosetting laminates and long-fibre-reinforced plastics (ISO 75-3:1993)

Softening point

[Property item]

Softening temperature:: Temperature at which material transforms specific amount when measuring it under specific examination condition. (ISO, JIS)

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F

[Measuring method]

Resilience
Passing light intensity measurement
Fisher-John melting apparatus
Fisher-John's melting point apparatus

[Measurement standard]

ISO 11359-3:2019	Plastics -- Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) -- Part 3: Determination of softening temperature
JIS K 7196:2012(2017)	Testing method for softening temperature of thermoplastic film and sheeting by thermomechanical analysis

Vicat softening point

[Property item]

Vicat softening temperature:: Raise the medium at a constant speed while adding a prescribed load through a needle shape indenter who vertically puts it on the test piece of the heating bath or the heating aspect, and measure the temperature of the heating medium when a needle shape indenter invades by 1mm.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	C
[Other units]	K, F

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D1525-17e1	Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics
ISO 306:2013	Plastic-Thermoplastic materials - detemination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)
JIS K 7206:2016	Plastic-Thermoplastic materials - detemination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) (ISO 306:1994)

Charpy impact

[Property item]

Charpy impact:: The ratio of absorbed energy (J) devided by the original cross-sectional area of the notch of the specimen.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	kJ/m²
[Other units]	gf*cm/cm²

[Measuring method]

With notch
Without notch

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D6110-18	Standard Test Methods for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics
ISO 179-1:2010	Plastics -- Determination of Charpy impact properties -- Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
ISO 179-2:2020	Plastics -- Determination of Charpy impact properties -- Part 2: Instrumented impact test
JIS K 7077:1991(2016)	Testing method for Charpy impact strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastics
JIS K 7111-1:2012(2017)	Plastics-Determination of Charpy impact properties-Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
JIS K 7111-2:2022(2017)	Plastics-Determination of Charpy impact properties-Part 2: Instrumented impact test

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

[Measurement condition]
ISO 179 methods are used and results reported based on the cross-sectional area at the notch (J/m²).

Izod impact

[Property item]

Izod impact:: The value of Absorbed energy (J) per unit of specimen thickness (m) at the notch. (ASTM)

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]	kJ/m
[Other units]	kgfcm/cm lbfft/in

[Measuring method]

With notch
Without notch

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D256-10(2018)	Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
JIS K 7110:1999(2018)	Plastics?Determinaion of Izod impact strength

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

[Notes]
The test method utilized here is ASTM D256.
The result of the Izod test is reported in energy lost (ft-lb or J) per unit of specimen thickness (cm or in) at the notch.

These test methods resemble ISO 180:1993 in regard to title only.
The contents are significantly different.

ISO 180 methods are also used and results reported based only on the cross-sectional area at the notch (J/m2).

Rockwell hardness

[Property item]

Rockwell hardness:: The value which was calculated from difference h of invasion depth of the indenter in before and after the load test, including the standard load first, test loaded, then next again resetting to the standard load.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit]

The hardness scale is shown. E-, L-, M-, R-

(Note) Scale
A scale in the Rockwell hardness is a peculiar sign to the combination of indenter's kind, the test force, and the hardness calculation type installed.

[Measuring method]
Rockwell (load = 10kgf)
Rockwell superficial (load = 3kg)

[Measurement standard]
Hardness scale of ASTM and JIS(ISO)

Scale	Preliminary test force	Test force	Diameter mm of indenter	Sign of JIS
R	98N (10kgf)	588N(60kgf)	12.5	HRR
L		588N(60kgf)	6.25	HRL
M		980N(100kgf)	6.25	HRM
E		980N(100kgf)	3.13	-
K		1470N(150kgf)	3.13	-
α		588N(60kgf)	12.5	-

ASTM D785-08(2015)	Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
ISO 2039-2:1987	Plastics -- Determination of hardness -- Part 2: Rockwell hardness
JIS K 7202-2:2001(2015)	Plastics -- Determination of hardness -- Part 2: Rockwell hardness (ISO 2039-2: 1987 )

Shore hardness

[Property item]

Shore hardness:: The measure with optional hardness that the plug depth of the specific pushing needle pushed in into material is measured under the conditions specified as ISO 868.

[Unit]: None

[Measuring method]

A type
C type
D type

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D1415-18	Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-International Hardness
ASTM D2240-15e1	Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness
ISO 868:2003	Plastics -- Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)
JIS K 7215:1986(2015)	Testing method for Durometer Hardness of Plastics

[Notes]
A genuine item is "Indentation hardness by Durometer" provided for by ASTM D 785, ISO 868 or JIS K 7215, and not "Shore hardness" that measures repulsive hardness.

Oxygen index

[Property item]

Oxygen index: Minimum oxygen concentration(vol%) required for the sample to maintain flame combustion in a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen.

[Unit]

[Adopted unit] %

[Measuring method] [Measurement standard]

ASTM D2863-19	Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
ISO 4589-1:2017	Plastics -Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index -Part 1: General requirements
ISO 4589-2:2017	Plastics -Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index -Part 2: Ambient-temperature test
ISO 4589-3:2017	Plastics -Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index -Part 3: Elevated-temperature test
JIS K 7201-1:1999(2016)	Plastics-Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index-Part1: Guidance
JIS K 7201-1:2007(2016)	Plastics-Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index-Part2: Ambient-temperature test
JIS K 7201-1:2008(2017)	Plastics-Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index-Part3: Elevated-temperature test

[Measurement condition]
The measurement temperature is a precondition.

UL Flammability rating

[Property item]

UL Flammability rating
Shows the degree of incombustibility in flammability tests on equipment and component materials
Established by US Underwriters Laboratories Limited Liability Company

[Unit]

UL Flammability rating 94V

[Adopted unit]

V-0
V-1
V-2

UL Flammability rating 94HB

[Adopted unit]

UL Flammability rating 94VTM

[Adopted unit]

VTM-0
VTM-1
VTM-2

[Measuring method] UL94

[Measurement standard]

ASTM D3801-20	Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position
ASTM D635-18	Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
ASTM D4804-20	Standard Test Method for Determining the Flammability Characteristics of Nonrigid Solid Plastics

UL Temperature Index

[Property item]

ULTemperature Index
Standards for long-term physical property evaluation of plastics materials
Established by US Underwriters Laboratories Limited Liability Company

[Unit]

ULTemperature Index

[Adopted unit]

[Measuring method] UL

[Measurement standard]

UL746B

Standard for Polymeric Materials : Long Term Property Evaluations

[Measurement condition]
Properties to measure
l;Tensile stress at break 2;Tensile stress at yield 3;Elongation 4;Impact strength 5;Write in
Elapse time

Bulk modulus

[Property item]

Bulk modulus
The value obtained by dividing the hydrostatic pressure (P) by the volume compression (?).(ISO,JIS)

Compressibility
Reciprocal of bulk modulus

Zero pressure volume
Volume when pressure is extrapolated to zero

Bulk modulus at zero pressure
Compressibility when pressure is extrapolated to zero

[Unit]

Bulkmodulus	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Bulkmodulus	[Other unit]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Compressibility	[Adopted unit]	1/GPa
Compressibility	[Other unit]	1/MPa cm²/kgf cm²/dyn 1/psi

Zero pressure volume	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Zero pressure volume	[Other unit]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Bulk modulus at zero pressure	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Bulk modulus at zero pressure	[Other unit]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi

[Measuring method]1.PVT machine(Zolar), 2.IKV machine, 3.write in

Other measuring method
high pressure volume dilatometry ;
A.Measurement method of P-V-T at low pressure
Immersion method (wet method)
a. Floating and sinking method
b. Density gradient tube method
c. Water displacement method (libra method)
d. Pycnometer method
Gas replacement method (dry method)
e. Constant volume expansion method

B.Measurement method ofP-V-T at high pressure
a. Glass piezometer method (dilatometer method)
b. Piston displacement method
c. Bellows method (including Zoller)

[Measurement condition]
Temperature

Radiation chemical yield

[Property item]

G valueValues used to indicate radiochemical yields
Number of molecular changes per 100 eV of absorbed energy

Radiochemical yield G(X):Yield of radicals, various gasaseous products, cross-links, etc. generated by irradiation.
G(X)=n(X)/E (mol/J)
n(X):Amount of object (or event) X
E:energy (J)
G=1 (event/100eV) = 1.036ﾗ10-7 (mol/J)

[Unit]

G value

[Adopted unit]

events/100eV

[Measuring method]

[Measurement standard]

[Measurement condition]
Dose rate, Radiation source.
Atmosphere, Temperature.

PVT Relation

[Property item]

Pressure

SpecificVolume

Temperature

[Unit]

Pressure	[Adopted unit]	GPa
Pressure	[Other unit]	MPa kgf/cm² dyn/cm² psi
Specific volume	[Adopted unit]	cm3/g
Specific volume	Temperature	[Adopted unit]	C
[Other unit]	Temperature	K F

[Measuring method]1.PVT machine(Zolar), 2.IKV machine, 3.??

Other measuring method
high pressure volume dilatometry ;
A.Measurement method of P-V-T at low pressure
Immersion method (wet method)
a. Floating and sinking method
b. Density gradient tube method
c. Water displacement method (libra method)
d. Pycnometer method
Gas replacement method (dry method)
e. Constant volume expansion method

B.Measurement method ofP-V-T at high pressure
a. Glass piezometer method (dilatometer method)
b. Piston displacement method
c. Bellows method (including Zoller)

Radiation resistance

[Property item]

Half-value dose
Absorbed radiation amount that halves the physical property value
Irradiation dose rate: The number of photons, electrons, and ions given to a unit space in a unit time. Expressed in roentgen / time (r / s, etc.).
Absorbed dose rate; the amount of energy absorbed per unit weight per unit time. Expressed in rad / time (rad / s, rad / min, rad / h), etc.
hal-value period: Time until the radioactivity of radioactive substances is halved.

[Unit]

Half-value dose	[Adopted unit]	Mrad
Half-value dose	[Other unit]	J/kg Gy

1rad = 1e-2 Gy
1J/kg = 1Gy = 100rad = 1e4erg/g
[Measurement condition]
The target physical properties are preconditions.
1;Tensile stress at break, 2;Tensile stress at yield, 3;Elongation, 4;Impact strength, 5;Write in
Temperature